Large-flowered Trillium or Common Trillium |
||||||
|
||||||
Large-flowered Trillium or Common Trillium (Trillium grandiflorum) Large-flowered Trilliums Coming Up in Spring In our childhood the woods in late May were full of hundreds of large, waxy white flowers that covered the forest floor. Grandma in her German diary called these trilliums “wild lilies” and also commented that on May14th and 22nd in 1927 and again on May 22nd in 1940 these flowers were numerous and in full bloom. (Freckman, 1994) gave the earliest blooming dates as April 24th.
Large-flowered Trillium Bud Opening
Today, with more houses and lawns in the country, and fewer undisturbed woodlots those visions of white are less frequently seen. In addition, the White-tailed Deer population has steadily increased and their appetite for tasty trilliums has served to eliminate many stands of this beautiful plant. This is especially troublesome because once the leaves and flowers are plucked, the plant is likely to die. It can no longer produce food to send down to the roots so that it can come back another year. It still grows quite abundantly on the sloping bank along Billings Avenue in the Town of Medford, Wisconsin. Some sources say that deer do not like to graze on steep banks or inclines so that may be why those plants have escaped.
Large-flowered Trilliums
The name trillium comes from the Latin tres that means three and lilium for lily. The mature plant has three leaves, actually bracts, three petals, and three sepals. Large-flowered Trillium Showing Three Green Sepals
There are about twenty-six species of trilliums in North America. Locally in Taylor County and on our land we have the Large-flowered Trillium Trillium grandiflorum and the Nodding Trillium, Trillium cernuum. (Fields, p. 160)
Large-flowered Trilliums at the End of the Blooming Season The pistil, or female part of the plant, is large and has six lobes. At the top of the pistil are three stigmas. There are six stamens or male flower parts that have long yellow anthers. They surround the shorter female parts. Watch to see which beetles and flies come to visit the flower and serve as pollinators. The interdependence of the insects and flowers and the timing when both the right insects and the blooming period of the plants are available is one of the wonders of creation. Close-up View of Large-flowered Trillium Blossom
The fruit of the trillium is a fleshy, pale green berry or capsule with ridges on the outside. It is smooth on the inside where yellow-green seeds are packed tightly in three compartments. The capsule is about 3/4 inch across. As the seeds mature the stalks bend down closer to the ground. Pressure from the growing seeds on the inside causes the capsule to split open on one side. The sticky seeds then fall out of the capsule in clusters. This usually happens in late July, about eight or ten weeks after flowering.
Large-flowered Trillium Seed Capsule
Seeds Inside Capsule or Berry of Large-flowered Trillium The seeds of the trillium along with those of several other plants are special because they have a ridge of material almost the size of the seed attached to the outside. This is called an elaiosome or strophiole. Ants are very attracted to it and carry it along with the seed back to their nesting area. There they eat the strophiole, but leave the seed. According to Stokes (p. 313) ants have been observed carrying the seeds as far as thirty feet from the original plant.
One Seed of the Large-flowered Trillium with Strophiole on the Exterior
If seeds are carried away by ants or planted where we hope to have them grow, they will not germinate until the next spring. Then the seed will send out a root and over-winter underground. The following year it will send up a single leaf or cotyledon. Because the growth conditions for these woodland plants are limited to the short time when sunlight reaches them before the trees leaf out, it may not develop into a plant with three leaves for another year or more. Even then it may not flower until about six years have passed. ••••••••••••••••••••••••••
Trillium Trillium Trillium Trillium Loretta Kuse
|
||||||
[ WILDFLOWER MEDITATIONS AND INFORMATION ] [ HOME ] © Copyright 2005 by the Northwest Synod of Wisconsin
Resource Center. |